2 Exploratory data analysis

In my exploratory data analysis of the river Rhine, I produced tables and graphs on various data sets of discharge at different stations along the course of the river Rhine. The anaysis hypothesis, suggests falling summer discharge and increasesing winter dischagre, due to climate change and it knock on effects on snow depths in mountains regions and incresed evapotranspiration during summer months.

2.1 Summary of statistical values

brocken down by various months and various stations along the river, it is clear were data is missing due to -999 value

summary statistics
sname variable value
REES mean_day 2029
DUES mean_day 2126
KOEL mean_day 2086
ANDE mean_day 2039
KAUB mean_day 1654
MAIN mean_day 1612
SPEY mean_day 1276
WORM mean_day 1415
MAXA mean_day 1245
RHEI mean_day 1031
LOBI mean_day 2214
BASE mean_day 1047
BASR mean_day 1044
BASS mean_day 1042
RHEM mean_day 1031
REKI mean_day 441
NEUF mean_day 369
DOMA mean_day 89
FELS mean_day 82
DIER mean_day 230
REES sd_day 1351
DUES sd_day 1078
KOEL sd_day 1039
ANDE sd_day 1057
KAUB sd_day 745
MAIN sd_day 707
SPEY sd_day 518
WORM sd_day 599
MAXA sd_day 544
RHEI sd_day 436
LOBI sd_day 1132
BASE sd_day 444
BASR sd_day 457
BASS sd_day 459
RHEM sd_day 435
REKI sd_day 193
NEUF sd_day 168
DOMA sd_day 200
FELS sd_day 225
DIER sd_day 167
REES min_day -999
DUES min_day 464
KOEL min_day 401
ANDE min_day 560
KAUB min_day 482
MAIN min_day 460
SPEY min_day 364
WORM min_day 415
MAXA min_day -999
RHEI min_day 259
LOBI min_day 575
BASE min_day 319
BASR min_day 272
BASS min_day 272
RHEM min_day 315
REKI min_day 120
NEUF min_day 104
DOMA min_day -999
FELS min_day -999
DIER min_day 40
REES max_day 11700
DUES max_day 11000
KOEL max_day 10900
ANDE max_day 10400
KAUB max_day 7160
MAIN max_day 6920
SPEY max_day 4410
WORM max_day 5400
MAXA max_day 4340
RHEI max_day 4219
LOBI max_day 13000
BASE max_day 3661
BASR max_day 5530
BASS max_day 5530
RHEM max_day 4220
REKI max_day 1872
NEUF max_day 1167
DOMA max_day 1563
FELS max_day 1563
DIER max_day 2028
REES median 1920
DUES median 1889
KOEL median 1850
ANDE median 1790
KAUB median 1500
MAIN median 1472
SPEY median 1180
WORM median 1300
MAXA median 1145
RHEI median 954
LOBI median 1950
BASE median 979
BASR median 968
BASS median 969
RHEM median 955
REKI median 402
NEUF median 330
DOMA median 83
FELS median 79
DIER median 172

2.2 Summary statistics plotted

This table shows a plots of summary statitics of all stations over the period of all data collected, it shows the spread of the data. This could be important in being able to catagorise stations into specific subsets, such as differences in mean values, or the differences in the range, hence patterens could be deduced. Data with incorrect values from previous table has been removed.

2.3 Each station date over whole period

To show and identify points in time when maximum points and minimum points were reached in the stations run off data, I created interactive plots of each station, it is also easty to see if there is correlation between station or not

2.4 Analysis of specifc stations for each month

This graph shows changes in total monthly runoff at three selected measurement stations, at different points of altitude along the river, DOMA and BASR are at higher altitudes, while KOEL is at a lower altitude, in the results it is easy to show the greater divergence of the mean at stations with higher altitude,(smaller in summer, greater in winter), this holds true for all stations. In selected different points on the river rhine, it would be important to ask such questions as, do other tributaries change overall results? And has there been any human activity near a station which would have an impact on the results ?

2.5 Average run off at specific stations

This graph shows that post 2000, the range of values of runoff are getting smaller at the sample stations ,moreover fewer outliers occur, whilst there is little significant change in the mean, this suggest the analysis hypothesis is correct, which predicted higher winter and lower summer runoff over the past 20 years relative to the whole time period of the data set

2.6 Futher possible investigations

human inpacts on the river rhine have been extensive, from building of dams to use of water in waste treatment and agriculture, these influnces will ahve impacts on river runoff at different locations, hence identifing were and when dams and agriculutral impacts will be important indetermining the runn off as a function of time and displacement. Other major rivers in europe such as elbe could also be analysed to see if it follows similar patterns as the rhine.